Reported speech
In
Direct speech, words are quoted directly with
inverted commas. Words are inside the inverted commas.
Example- Minal said, “ I am
studying”.
In Indirect speech, words are quoted without inverted commas.
Example – Minal said that she was
studying.
Points for changing from direct to
indirect speech :
* Inverted
commas are removed.
** There is change in tense, pronouns of the reported speech.
*** There is use of a connective word (that) between the reporting verb and the speech.
Present
tense changes to past tense
|
Take |
took |
|
is taking |
was taking |
|
has taken |
had taken |
|
has been taking |
had been taking |
|
took |
had taken |
Change from Direct to Indirect:
A) Changing Assertive sentence:
|
“said to” |
will change into told. |
|
“said ” |
will change into said. |
|
“says” |
will change into says. |
AFTER THAT use a word “that”.
B) Changing EXCLAMATORY sentence:
|
“said to” / “said ” / “says” |
will change into (exclaims / exclaimed) |
AFTER THAT use a word “that”.
C) Changing IMPERATIVE sentence:
|
said to” / “said ” / “says” |
will change into (commanded, ordered, requested, advised), |
AFTER THAT
{for
imperative and affirmative apply “to
+ verb”}
OR
{for imperative and negative apply “not to +
verb”}
D) Changing INTERROGATIVE sentence:
|
said to” / “said ” / “says” |
will change into (asked), |
AFTER THAT
{ “for Wh-question apply same Wh“}
OR
{ “for verbal question apply If or whether“}
Change in words
|
Now |
will become then |
|
ago |
will become before |
|
Today |
will become that day |
|
yesterday |
will become the day before |
|
last night |
will become the night before |
|
these |
will become those |
|
come |
will become go |
|
tomorrow |
will become the next day |
|
This |
will become that |
|
"sorry" |
will become apologised |
|
"thank you" |
will become thanked |
|
"hello" |
will become greeted |
|
"good morning" |
will become wish a good morning |
|
"yes" |
will become replied in the affirmative |
|
"no" |
will become replied in the negative |
Change
from Direct to Indirect:
1. Raj said,” I was not coping”.
Ans: Raj said that he had not been
coping.
2. Rohit said, “ What a good movie it was!”
Ans: Rohit exclaimed
that it was, indeed , a good movie.
3. Mother said, "Congratulations! You won the
match”.
Ans: Mother congratulated her child for
winning the batch.
4. Principal said, “ Bring History note - book”.
Ans. Principal ordered him to bring History note – book.
5. Principal
said, “ Do not tell lies”.
Ans.
Principal advised him not to
tell lies.
6. Teacher said, “ When will you study?”
Ans. Teacher asked
him when he would study.
7. Teacher said, “ Do you want paper?”
Ans. Teacher asked
him whether he wanted paper.
8. Harish said, "I am watching cricket".
Ans. Harish
said that he was watching cricket.
9.
Ganesh said to his brother," I have been sleeping here since two days.
Ans. Ganesh told his brother that he had been
sleeping here since two days.
10.
Rajesh said, “I sold my cycle today."
Ans. Rajesh said that he had sold his cycle
that day.
11.
Nitin said to Bipin," It may rain tomorrow."
Ans. Nitin told Bipin that it might rain the next
day.
When the the speech is in the present or future tense, or ( if it has a habit, a proverb or a universal truth) , there is no change in the tense .
12. Shyam says, "I
was not ready for exam."
Ans. Shyam says
that he was not ready for the exam.
13. Ram will say, "
It will rain."
Ans.
Ram will say that it will rain.
14. Mahesh said, "I
study every morning."
Ans.
Mahesh said that he study every morning.
15.
Minal said, “Rainbow has seven colours."
Ans.
Minal said that Rainbow has seven
colours .
Ans. Anil told Ajay that Action speaks louder than words.
Change in Pronouns: You, I, we changes into
(he/she/ they)
17. Anil said, "I
gave you a pen last Monday."
Ans. Anil said that he had given him a pen the previous Monday.
If the person spoken to reports the speech, second
person (you) changes to first person.
18.
Anil said to me, "You shall not clean the car”.
Ans. Anil told me that I
should not clean the car.
19. He says, "This bike belongs to
me."
Ans. He
says that this bike belongs to him.
20. Rohit said, "Hurrah! We have won the
match."
Ans.
Rohit exclaimed with delight that they had won the match.
21. Principal said , "Good-bye, my students!"
Ans.
Principal bade good-bye to all his students.
(Imperative Sentences)
22. Principal said to Anil. "Shut up."
Ans.
Principal ordered Anil to shut up.
23. Coach said, "Practice everyday."
Ans. Coach advised his player to practice
everyday.
24.
Mohan asked Rohit "What are you doing ?
Ans. Mohan asked Rohit what
I was doing there.
25. Rohit asked Ramesh, "Why did you take my bike?"
Ans.
Rohit asked Ramesh why he had taken his bike.
26.Teacher said, “Please, bring me a cup of tea.”
Ans. Teacher requested
to bring him a cup of tea.
27. The referee said, “Go back!”
Ans.
The referee ordered to go back.
28. Teacher said,
“Listen to your parents.”
Ans. Teacher
advised me to listen to my parents.
29. Principal said, “ Bring History note - book”.
Ans. Principal ordered him to bring History note – book.
30. Principal said, “ Do not tell lies”.
Ans.
Principal advised him not to
tell lies.
31. "Give it to me quick," said teacher.
Ans. Teacher ordered to give it to her quickly.
32. My mother replied, "It does not matter to me that I will not see the flowers in full bloom."
Ans. My mother replied that it would not matter to her that she would not see the flowers in full bloom.
33. "Don't run," his mother said.
Ans. His mother asked him not to run.
34. "I made some money yesterday ," he explained.
Ans. He explained that he had made some money the previous day.
35. "I want to work for you," I said.
Ans. I said that I wanted to work for him.
36. " What is my fault?," He asked me.
Ans. He asked me what his fault was.
37. " Could you have done it?," said Ajay.
Ans. Ajay asked me if(whether) I could have done it.
38. " You are not deaf," He said to me.
Ans. He told me that I was not deaf.
Change from Direct to Indirect:
Q. He asked, "Can you cook?"
Ans. He asked me whether I could cook.
Q. She said, "You are unwise to eat meat."
Ans. She told him that he was unwise to eat meat.
Tense:
Usually, the present changes to past tense while we
change direct speech to indirect.
a. Simple present tense to simple past tense:
Examples:
Direct: She said, “I study in class.”
Indirect: She said that she studied
in class.
Direct: Kushi said, “Neha loves
to eat mangoes.”
Indirect: Kushi said that Neha
loved to eat mangoes.
b. Present continuous to past continuous tense
Examples:
Direct: Mother said, “Mihir is eating
a mango.”
Indirect: Mother said that Mihir
was eating a mango.
Direct: Sir asked, “Are they
writing the paper?”
Indirect: Sir asked if they
were writing the paper.
c. Present perfect to past perfect tense:
Examples:
Direct: Koral said, “I have
made a painting.”
Indirect: Koral said that she
had made a painting.
Direct: The principal said,
“The portions have been decided.”
Indirect: The principal
announced that the portions had been decided.
d. Present perfect continuous to past perfect
continuous tense:
Examples:
Direct: Karan asked, “How long
have you been fishing here?”
Indirect: Karan asked me how
long I had been fishing there?
Direct: The girl said, “I have
been waiting for my school-bus since morning.”
Indirect: The girl said that he
had been waiting for his school-bus since morning.
e. Simple past to past perfect tense
Examples:
Direct: Nitin said, “My mother
gave me the cricket bat.”
Indirect: Nitin said that his
mother had given the cricket bat to him.
Direct: The teacher said, “Student
saw a snake.”
Indirect: The teacher said that
Student had seen a snake.
f. Past Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous
tense;
Examples:
Direct: Mihir said, “Karan was writing
paper.”
Indirect: Mihir told me that Karan
had been writing paper.
Direct: Seema said, “I was watching
movie.”
Indirect: Seema said that she
had been watching movie.
g. Past perfect tense does not change in the
indirect speech;
Examples:
Direct: Student said, “I had
stopped to write the paper.”
Indirect: Student said that he
had stopped to write the paper.
Direct: She said, “Cat had
tried to steal milk .”
Indirect: She said that cat had
tried to steal milk.
h.Simple future tense to present conditional;
Examples:
Direct: Ganesh said, “My cricket
couch will be there at 9am.”
Indirect: Ganesh said that his cricket
couch would be there at 9am.
Direct: Yash asked, “Will you play
with me?”
Indirect: Yash asked if I would
play with him.
Direct: Amit said, “I will be playing
here.”
Indirect: Amit said that he
would be playing here.
Modals:
a. Modal
verbs like shall, will, can, may change in reported speech. Let’s follow some
examples:
Direct: Parth said, “I will be there.”
Indirect: Parth promised that
he would be there.
Direct: The student said, “May I sit here?”
Indirect: The boy asked if
he could sit here.
Direct: “I may not play cricket.” Said Pankaj.
Indirect: Pankaj said that he might not play cricket.
Direct: “I shall eat more.” said Karan.
Indirect: Karan said that he would eat more.
Direct: Bipin said, “Shall I buy this bat?”
Indirect: Bipin asked if
he should buy this bat.
b. Modal
verbs like could, should, need, must, might, used to do not change in reported
speech.
Examples:
Direct: Parag said, “I would
not come first.”
Indirect: Parag said that he
would not come first.
Direct: Rahul said, “You need
to bat first.”
Indirect: Rahul said that I
need to bat first.
Direct: Parag said, “I used to
love singing.”
Indirect: Parag said he used to
love singing.
Adverbs and demonstratives:
Indirect speech differs from the direct speech’s
time and place. When someone is conveying the message to the listener, the speaker
might not be on the same day or place. So the demonstrative (this, that etc.)
and the adverb of time and place (here, there, today, now, etc.) change. We can
look into the following chart for the usual changes:
Examples:
Direct: I said, “Paras played
cricket yesterday.”
Indirect: I said that Paras
played cricket the day before.
Direct: Principal said, “Come to school now.”
Indirect: Principal ordered me
to go to school at that moment.
Direct: “Bring the compass with you.”
Said teacher.
Indirect: Teacher demanded
to take the compass with me.
Direct: The players said, “We
will meet here tomorrow.”
Indirect: The players promised to meet there
the next day.
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